Self-Evaluation Maintenance Theory: Understanding the Dynamics of Self-Worth

Self-Evaluation Maintenance (SEM) Theory posits that individuals strive to maintain and enhance their self-esteem through social comparison and relationships. Developed by psychologists Abraham Tesser in the 1980s, this theory highlights two key processes: reflection and comparison. When someone performs well in a domain that is personally relevant, individuals may experience a threat to their self-esteem, especially if they feel inferior in that domain. This prompts them to either distance themselves from the outperformer or downplay the importance of that domain. Furthermore, SEM suggests that the closeness of the relationship with the outperformer plays a crucial role; the closer the individual, the more pronounced the effect. This article delves into the intricacies of SEM theory, exploring its implications in various contexts such as academics, sports, and personal relationships, and provides real-world examples to illustrate its principles.